Updated at 8:23 a.m. ET July 9
Poland is in the grips of a constitutional crisis, with the head of the Supreme Court standing in open defiance of the president — whose party enacted a new law that will force nearly 40 percent of the court's justices into early retirement.
The legislation, enacted on Tuesday, reduces the mandatory retirement age from 70 to 65, which reportedly should trigger the immediate removal of 27 out of 73 justices, including the highest-ranking member of the court, Malgorzata Gersdorf. Additionally, the court would be expanded to include 120 justices through government appointments — in effect, giving the ruling party the power to reshape two-thirds of the Supreme Court.
The Polish government also intends to create a "disciplinary chamber," which will grant the government authority to reopen any case from the past 20 years to be reviewed by government-friendly judges.
This is considered by critics to be the latest in a three-year onslaught of authoritarian reforms to the judiciary system by President Andrzej Duda and his right-wing Law and Justice Party, known as PiS. Duda contends the overhaul is necessary to root out corruption by justices dating back to the communist era and fix an inefficient system.
The justices have been given until 12:01 a.m. local time Wednesday to step down.
But Gersdorf, who is 65, insisted Tuesday that she cannot be ousted before the end of her term, which runs until 2020 and is guaranteed by the Polish Constitution, The Associated Press reported.
"I will go to my office on Wednesday, but whether I will be let in is another matter," Gersdorf said, according to The Guardian.
"It doesn't happen in well-developed countries that the executive and the legislative branches destroy the judiciary. With no guarantees of basic freedoms, the fundamental rights of Polish citizens will be destroyed sooner or later," she said.
The attempt by Duda and his party to force out much of the Supreme Court led to major protests in the streets of Warsaw on Wednesday. Demonstrators included Gersdorf herself. Over the past year, tens of thousands of Polish citizens across the country have protested against Duda, PiS and the judiciary clampdown.
This latest showdown between the judges, the president and his party is happening on the heels of an announcement Monday by the European Commission — the executive arm of the EU — that it has taken legal action against Poland over the new judicial clampdown laws, which it said "undermine the principle of judicial independence, including the irremovability of judges." The commission concluded Duda and his party have failed to fulfill their obligations under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and have threatened to take the Polish government to the European Court of Justice.
The commission has given the Polish government one month to respond. If it refuses to reverse course, Poland could be ordered to desist from implementation until the court of justice has issued its ruling.
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